Processing and characterization of the microstructure and mechanical properties of Al6061–TiB2 composite

In the present research, aluminum metal matrix composites were processed by the stir casting technique. The effects of TiB2 rein-forcement particles, severe plastic deformation through accumulative roll bonding (ARB), and aging treatment on the microstructural charac-teristics and mechanical properties were also evaluated. Uniaxial tensile tests and microhardness measurements were conducted, and the micro-structural characteristics were investigated. Notably, the important problems associated with cast samples, including nonuniformity of the rein-forcement particles and high porosity content, were solved through the ARB process. At the initial stage, particle-free zones, as well as particle clusters, were observed on the microstructure of the composite. However, after the ARB process, fracturing phenomena occurred in brittle ceramic particles, followed by breaking down of the fragments into fine particles as the number of rolling cycles increased. Subsequently, com-posites with a uniform distribution of particles were produced. Moreover, the tensile strength and microhardness of the ARB-processed com-posites increased with the increase in the reinforcement mass fraction. However, their ductility exhibited a different trend. With post-deforma-tion aging treatment (T6), the mechanical properties of composites were improved because of the formation of fine Mg2Si precipitates.     

Triple Medium Physical Model of Post Fracturing High-Rank Coal Reservoir in Southern Qinshui Basin

In this paper, influences on the reservoir permeability, the reservoir architecture and the fluid flow pattern caused by hydraulic fracturing are analyzed. Based on the structure and production fluid f...     

You are what you eat: native versus exotic Crotalaria species (Fabaceae) as host plants of the Ornate Bella Moth,Utetheisa ornatrix (Lepidoptera: Erebidae: Arctiinae)

Crotalaria plants and Utetheisa ornatrix are closely linked to each other: the larvae destroy the seeds, while the moth depends on hostplants for alkaloids. To better understand the ongoing co-evolution, the present study examines how native hostplants compare to exotic ones. Leaf-feeding on Crotalaria pumila, C. rotundifolia, and C. incana, native to the moth’s range, led to faster larval development than on the exotic C. lanceolata, C. spectabilis, and C. pallida. Seed-feeding on all species of Crotalaria led to accelerated larval development and a resultant larger adult moth, and correlates with a higher nitrogen content in the plant tissues. These results add a novel dimension to the previous studies of reproductive biology of this model organism. In controlled settings, mature larvae showed preference for leaves of C. spectabilis over those of other species, perhaps due to the higher alkaloid content. Differences in morphology and phenology of Crotalaria determine the ecology of U. ornatrix populations in Florida. The introduction of novel hostplants, on which U. ornatrix can have a significant negative effect and which are of concern to humans as invasive toxic weeds, has greatly expanded the niche occupied by this moth. Possible co-evolution of Utetheisa sensu lato and plant defences in the genus Crotalaria is discussed.     

氯苯胺类化合物毒性定量构效关系研究

应用B3LYP密度泛函理论方法计算氯苯胺类化合物的量子化学参数,研究了该类化合物对发光细菌毒性作用的定量结构活性关系(QSAR),应用逐步回归方法建立的方程具有显著统计学意义. 结果表明:该类化合物对发光细菌的毒性作用随分子最低空轨道(LUMO)能级的降低而增大,随分子中氯取代数目的增加而增大.     

秦俑博物馆室内气溶胶化学组成初步研究

目的为了科学有效保护地保护秦俑,研究遗址区室内空气工作势在必行。方法通过夏季在秦俑馆采集气溶胶进行分析。结果0.3~0.7μm范围内的气溶胶PM2.5、TSP浓度随游客的增加而增加;室内PM2.5和TSP平均浓度分别为108.4μg/m3和172.4μg/m3,PM2.5占TSP总质量的62.9%。进一步分析证实硫酸盐、有机物及地壳矿物是室内PM2.5的主要组成部分,分别占(32.4±6.2)%、(27.7±8.0)%,(12.5±3.4)%。元素碳、铵盐、硝酸盐分别占室内PM2.5的(3.9±1.5)%,(8.9±2.8)%,(7.0±2.9)%;高含量的硫酸盐、有机物、元素碳、硝酸盐及铵盐的粒径在0.43~3.3μm之间,根据离子平衡计算显示出室内气溶胶酸性特征。结论为科学、有效地控制室内环境,保护秦俑提供了重要依据。     

基于小波分析的神经网络识别毒剂的研究

为快速、准确地识别毒剂,在分析神经网络识别毒剂基本方法的基础上,建立了带有偏差单元的递归神经网络识别毒剂模型,包括神经网络识别毒剂的学习算法和基于小波分析的毒剂特征提取. 通过剖析神经网络识别毒剂模型,设计了神经网络识别毒剂的软件,实现了神经网络对毒剂的识别. 用沙林模拟数据进行了测试和分析,结果表明,利用与化学传感器相联结的神经网络识别毒剂,是实现毒剂识别自动化、智能化的一种有效方法.     

可兴奋神经元的非线性动力学性质

以H-H模型为研究对象,通过改变方程中表征神经元可兴奋性的参数,用数值分析的方法考察可兴奋神经元的动力学性质.结果表明,可兴奋性控制参数越高的神经元,动作电位发生的阈值越大,所能承受的刺激范围也越大.每种神经元都有一个特定的参数域,当参数在其中变化时,神经元对于恒定刺激的反应是混沌的.     

导电聚合物的导电机理及制备方法

导电聚合物是20世纪70年代发展起来的一个研究领域,因其诱人的应用前景受到广泛重视。导电聚合物材料与对应的无机材料相比,具有成膜性好等优点,但也存在稳定性差等缺陷。如何进行结构设计克服现有的缺点、实现导电聚合物的大规模应用是当前导电聚合物界努力的方向。导电聚合物当前的研究热点是设计和合成结构高度稳定、高荧光量子效率和高电荷载流子迁移率的共轭聚合物序的导电聚合。     

关于两种活化熵△≠rS(θ)m(c(θ))和△≠rS(θ)m(P(θ))的讨论

用热力学方法处理过渡状态理论的艾林方程,选择两种不同参考点作为标准态,得出两个不同的计算公式,两种类型的活化自由能、活化焓、活化熵意义数值不同,对于理想气体的反应,两种类型的活化焓相等,活化熵不等,但两种活化熵之间存在定量关系式:△≠rSθm(Pθ)=△≠rSθm(cθ) (n-1)Rln[Pθ/RTcθ].     

原始物理问题——培养中学生批判性思维的新途径

批判性思维在科学发展及人们的学习生活中都发挥着极其重要的作用。因此,培养学生的批判性思维就成了当今教学的一大要务。立足于协同学理论,以批判性思维培养的途径为契机,着重探索了原始物理问题在中学生批判性思维发展中所发挥的作用,并结合原始物理问题自身特点及相应的表征层次,从批判精神和批判性思维技能两个维度进行了论证。